Template for grinding machines



Jan. 17, 1928.

1,656,814 M. BIRKIGT TEMPLATE FOR GRINDING MACHINES Filed June 26. 19254 Sheets-Sheet l war @w g Jan. 17, 1928.

M. BIRKIGT TEMPLATE FOR GRINDING MACHINES Filed June 26. 1925 4Sheets-Sheet 2 Jan. 17, 1928.

1,656,814 M. BIRKIGT TEMPLATE FOR GRINDING MACHINES Filed June 26. 19254 Sheets-Sheet 3 Jan. 17, 1928.

M. BIRKIGT TEMPLATE FOR GRINDING MACHINES Filed June 26. 1925 4Sheets-Sheet 4 wriz e Ill) Patented Jan. 17, 1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MARC BIRKIGT, OF BO'IS-COLOMEBES, FRANCE.

TEMPLATE roa GRINDING MACHINES.

Application filed June 26, 1925,.Serial No. 39,802, and in Belgium July14, 1924.

This invention relates, more particularly as regards their manufacture,to-articles at least partly convexo-circular; and it relates moreparticularly (since it is in their case that its application seems to beof the greatest importance), but not exclusively, among the saidarticles, to the templates to be used on the grinding machines formachining cam shafts such as.those of the explosion engines of theHispano-Suiza type. It has for its object chiefly to enable thesearticles to be. manufactured in an accurate as well as quick manner.

It consists chiefly in using, as thefdevice for the machining of theconvexo-circular portion of the articles of the kind in ques-- tion, andalso oftheir other portions, an-arm pivoted on a frame and proivded insuch a manner with an article-holder, in ltsrtlllll such, that it shouldbe possible to arrange on it the articles to be machined in such amanner that the centre of the convexo-circular portion with whichtheyare-.tobe provided, should be situated on the axis of rotation, of thesaid arm, and that consequently it should be possible, by mounting thedevice thus constituted, level with a rotary tool in such a manner thatthe said axis of rotation and that of the said tool should be parallel,and by swinging then the said arm' towards the said tool, to arrive atthe desired result which is reached when the article mounted on the saidarm can pass freely the rotating tool during the swinging movement orrotation in question.

Apart from this chief arrangement, it comprises certain otherarrangements which are preferably utilized at the same time and whichwill be hereinafter more explicitly referred to. namely an additionalarrangement which in its turn consists:

In providing the blanks from which the articles of the kind in questionare to be produced, with such a. portion,

in providing similarly the devices to he used for the transformation ofthe said blanks into the latter articles, with a portion also such,

And in providing in amanner, also such, a tool adapted to be applied tothe said porlions when certain conditions are fulfilled,

That it should be sufiicient-in order to give (tithe blanks whenmounting them on the device to he iised for the transformatiiaii:

strument or toolcould be exactly applied to them.

It relates more particularly to a certain method of. application (thatin which application is made to the manufacture of templates to be usedon the grinding machines for machining cam shafts such as those of theexplosion engines of'theHispano-Suiza type) as well as to certainmethods of carrying out (which will be hereinafter referred to) the saidarrangements and it relates more particularly still, by wayi of ne n uslr ts, ic s, co p i ing the application of the said arrangements, tospecial elements suitable for building them, to.articles obtained withsuch devices,

to apparatus (engines etc.) comprising similar articles, as well asstationary or moving installations (namely aeroplanes) compris ing suchapparatus.

, And it. will be in any case clearly understood from the additionaldescription which follows, as well as from the accompanying drawingswhich additional description and drawings are of course given chiefly byway of example.

Figure I of the said drawings shows in elevation, partly in verticalsection, a device built according to the invention, the arm which itcomprises being shown there in two symmetrical positions relatively to acertain central position which can be given to it. V Figure 2 shows inelevation the said device, its' arm and the article-holder with whichthe-said arm is provided, being shown there, the arm in its centralposition, and the articleholder in two difi'erent positions.

Figure 3 shows in plan, partly in horizontal section, the same device,one of the two disappearing fingers with which it is provided, beingshown therein in its two end positions. v

Figure 4 shows in end View, on a winparatively larger scale, an articlesuchas those to the .machining of which the invention chiefly relates,namely a tem late suitable for being used for the grinding of the gainshafts of the explosion fifiijiiifis of the l'iispanii siliz type:

Figure 5 shows in cross section, on the same scale, the -blank of such atemplate-in the course of ina'ehiiiingi LY Figure 6 shows in elevation,partly in vertical section and With-partsbmken olf, and on a scalebetween that bfFi m-es'1 3ana that of Figures 4 and 5, certain;of.;thec0nstituent parts of the said device, which are And then 't'w'oconceive-cylindrical elements CB and C'B having their respective aicscomprised in a? plglhe which *is *n'o't o'nly pa'ralle'l to lue plzr ne'Y'OY' at right angles l:o"tl1'e prec ding one and oam-prising the saidseen, but also si't-uate'd lit'js'u'ch a distance when; the fitter thatthe said *lellieh't's jein the preceding elenienlfandthaflalih of themintersect thee'orresponding ramp qr boss AB or AB at *a fairlysharpangle alon that of the generatrices B or B of the said ramp orboss, along which thedatter is -intersected by that of the 'phrfes atright angles to'i't,which comprises the axis'O.

Or, more'e xhctl y, a template comprising two similar-master cams.secu'red-t'o one end the same spindle-61nd arranged ata c'ertfi-inangle relatively to each other,

Instead of proceedingtothat end 'in the usual manner, for the samepurpose is used,

on the one hand, a special device, and on the other hand, special whichare made ll ietlf mariner th'at will bedesdribed or in a similar manner,it being assumed as regards of a grinding machine.

"A's-regards, firstof all, the said special device, the proceeding formaking it is prefe'i ably a s iollows: i 4

1 A tifrelnte 'b is bu'iltain such a manner'that i-t compris'es ashoulder which allows i-t-to be' rnoun'ted on the 'bed (not shown) ofthe salid grirldi'h'g 'madhine; and=that it o'em-priss mm sinnlar mannerbeai'ring's' b such *that,

as soan as thefireme "in' question *is mounted in theimzinner'staitedftheir axis -'c "should be parallel'to'tlie "saidi aais a aswell as'on'the same leveljand that moreover-they could be used fdr'turni n'g or rotating the 1 arm which will be referred to in a moment.

An arm 0 is built'in such"a=mzmner that l t-could be pivoted to thesaidsupport by means o-f-thesaid bearings, namely in additiongto-aspindle b1 11 1141; -i t'-'sl'1ould -'itselfeem'p 1-ise a pair of bearlngs' 'clsuchthatit "sh'o'iild be possible to mount in 'tlieniin such 11 mannerthe the templates td"be obtained,=t1mtthe' axis (1" ofthe s'aid spindleshouldthen b'e not only parallel *to the-vials "0 "of th'e bearings 'b.but also at a distance *from the lattcraxis, equal =to "tl1e diheren'ce'b'etween the radius of curvatu'ie of' tl1e'=' eams =0r bosses to "bemduced on the template, and the distance wlneln-as-sooi ras this cam 01'bobsis ground, mus't separzlte-lt fro'm'th'r si1l(l'-2i.\' is,

Th'ut 'it-slioi l'ld si'nii'lar ly comprise, 'and in or'dc'r tocompletet' hearticle holder which is partly constituted by the s'ni'dpair of bearingsfa'sys'l em o'f'locking contcnl :ic wit l: the 'Sai t l-b'fl'ii'flgs "and adapted lo :ill0\ 2h; soon as the spindle (l ofa'blan'lc is'n'muz'ill-d in the manner just stated, to fix the saidpindle -inthe angular po ition that -ma= v be desi red;

And that it'shonlll'comprise, nr' rould ee'iwe, at l'e'tlst oneope-Titling lever y means of whichitcould'be turned at will as soon a sit is pii 'Ot-Gtllfl lhe manner slated.

Arrid these various 'elex'n'erlls are {l (il-l)l('ll together.

And concerning then the said special blank, the? are preferxibly made inS'llxl'l :1 manner that each of them has the shape of a spindle dcomprising, situated on it at '21 certain distance apart,- twocylindrical thiclc ened portions =eiich extended by a kind of Wedge/d"or If,

These thickened portions 'being such that their radii should-be equal,both, to the dista-n'oe which after the grinding of the cams AB and ABinto which the faces of the IUD wedges d and d areto be converted, mustseparate the terminal ribs B and B of the said cams from the axis 0 ofthe template which -is to be-provided with them.

-And the saidwedges being such that, first of; all, the two faces ofeach of them should be tangent to the corresponding cylindrical boss'orthickened portion, this aiong the generatrices of the latter, with whichmust coincide the said ribs or-"edges B and B', that, "thereupon andconsequently, they should -be -each of a-desired angle (which is ofcourse not thesame for'both), and that finally they should be setrelatively to each other to'the same angle as the two master cams withwhich the said template is to be provided. I

The device is-installed in a suitable manner on the bed of the grinding-machine jointly-with which it is to be used; the grind mg machine, thegrinding wheel or disc (1- with which it is to be provided, is at thesame-time chosen in such a manner that it should have a radius at theoutside equal to that of the concavo-cylindrical elements with which thetemplate to be obtained is to be provided. I

Thelever '0 of the-arm dis operated so that the latter is facing the topof the grinding disc a. a v

The-spindle d of a blank is placed into the bearings 0 and the system oflocking added to them, is operated in such a manner that the saidspindle is locked in the desired position, that is to say in such aposition that, assuming that it is question first of all of grinding thecam "AB of the wedge d, the face of the latter to be converted into thesaid cam, should be at-right angles to the plane formed by the axes 0and d.

The grinding disc 1; is brought, if it is not there already, level withthe said wedge of; it is moved back to a snfiicient extent to prevent itfrom at once acting on the said wedge, and it is then started.

It is iven then a slight advance, and, this having been done, thetransforn'iation of the said face proceeds, for whieh'reason:

The arm 0 is turned by means of the lever 0 towards the grinding disc a,'and the latter having been thus brought into position to bite the saidface, it begins the work to be executed, this whilst the turningmovement in question is continued until the said face has been caused topass the grinding disc;

The arm 0 is returned to the position which had been given to it rightin the beginning, the advance of the grinding disc is slightlyincreased, and it is caused to perform a new operation, this again withthe turning of the arm 0 as before;

And this is continued until, the advance given to the grinding discbeing sufiicient, the transformation to be effected is completed.

The transformation of the second face of the said wedge 03 is then atonce proceeded with, for which reason: first the system of locking ofthe spindle d is rendered inoperative; the latter is given an angularmove ment that should be given to it; the spindle (l is again locked inposition; and the operation is continued in the same way as before.

The rest of the master'cam, the cams orbosses of which have been justmade isthen machined for which reason: the disc a" is first moved backto a fairly large extentythe arm 0 is brought into horizontal position,that is to saysuch a position thattheaxis 11 of the spindle d is in thehorizontal plane formed by the axes a and-0, and the said arm is lockedin this position.

The system for locking the spindle d is rendered inoperative so as toenable the said spindle to turn in the bearings c or, still better, thesaid system is made such that the said-rotation can be imparted to thespindle 03 only between two limits, namely between the 'position(whichisshown in. Figure 8.) required for the making'of the element. BC, andthe position (symmetrical of'the latter relatively to the horizontalplane passing through the axis d of the spindle (P) required for themaking of the element B".C

The spindle d is placed into the first of these positions; the disc isgiven the desired advanceso as-to enable it to start working the saidelement B C;

It is caused actually to start the said work, and whilst it is working,the spindle dis slowly rotated about itself in the desired direction(namely in the anti-clockwise direction, assuming that one is lookingatthe said spindle from the side shown in the drawings) in order to startsimultaneously the machining bothof the element C C and of the element CB, the rotation in question, namely that to be imparted to the spindled, being to that end continued until, and only until, the moment whenthe said spindle is brought into the second angular end position;

A new advance is then given to the grinding disc, then a rotation in thedirection opposite to that of the preceding one, that is to say a newoperation begins;

This is continued. until the transformation to be effected on thecylindrical boss which is extended by the wedge d, is in its turnfinished.

The transformation of the wedge (I and of the cylindrical boss of whichit forms extension, is then proceeded with in the same way.

After which it is sufficient. in order to finish the template, to roundoff the top of each of the two master cams formed in the same, which canbe done in any suitable manner, because, since it is question of makinga cam of the type hereinbefore described, the shape given to its top isof small importanceywher'eas on= the-contrary the position of-its edgesor' ribs B and -B- as well-as the shape: given to the portions:immediately adjoiningthe said edges or-ribs, play the most important:part-in' the working of the engine? which is to be provided with thesaid'fcam; 1'

""A nd either' oneds content, as-i'egard's the device "and the blanksto- :be machined by n'ieans of the lat-li'erg'to make them ashereinbefore set forth, or and still better, in addI- bion; andfor "thesaid making, are I used 'additioiial-"means or arrangements: which makeit possibleto give so tosay automatically .to the v ai'i'ouspa'rfls'thepositions in which they have 'to b'eiplaced, according asit is desiredto obtain one result or another,-'for instance andas'sIInIing--'that"itis questionias before bfrnbt airiing templates such v as 4 thosedescribed lathe-foregoing,- means and arrangements'such-asthe'following. I The utilization, 1 for. constitutingthelbckin'gsysteniwith which,--in addition to the bearings "c thearticle I holder is to 'be provided that 'is to? say ;in the:presentcase the blank holder, of a whole constituted:

By thet f-re'erend?ota'kindof chuck built in such" a manner-thatitisposs'ible :to secure to lhWlChJOIlB of theii' end's the *spindles'dof of theblanks pivotedin oneof the bearings b forming a hub 'for-a discccoi'nprisingin v its turn, idis'tri-buted-alongthe. edge of its frontface, three graduated scales Fe, in verticalline with which: are:provided a certain numberof'holese";

By'threequadi'ant's f which can-be'brought into-exactly determinedpositions, level respectively witlrthe first, second and third of thesaid scales, 4

'Eachrof them comprising to that end'first a=datum inark 7, then twoelongated eyesor openings '1, each of wliich'can :receive the stem of abolt 9 passed through one of the said holes 0;

And each of them'comprising moreover a kind of a hollow handle fdesigned in such a manner as regards its free end, and supplemented,also in such a manner, by'a pin 11- mountcd'in it jointly with a spring.

That, on the one hand,'the front end of the saidpin projects in normaltime under the action of the said-spring beyond the front. face of thecorresponding quadrant:

And that, on the other hand it is possible, bvcxercisiug a pull on therear end of any one of the three pins h, and by imparting to it then acertain angular movement, to keep its said front end on this side of thesaid front face of the corresponding quadrant: By a hole la" provided insuch a manner in a suitable portion of the arm 0, that, by introducinginto it one of the pins in, the disc 6 can'be locked relatively to thearm 0;

By two'fingers i pivoted in such a manner, one on the upper face, andthe other on the lower face of thez'arm :0, that each of-them can beplaced at will either in the circular track or path followed by the pins/L when they are, on the one-Hand, in operative posi tion. that is tosay projecting as stated, and on the other hand, not locked in.the'holehl, and when the whole constituted by the-.disc e and itsaccessories, is-turned about itself,- Or be withdrawn from thesaid=--path,-;- The operative zpor-tions i -of the, sa'id-rfinr gelsbeing preferably, and as will be assumed throughout the followingdescription, I'n ade, distinct :from'th'e said fingers themselves, andmounted on the same forinsta'nce by means of screws, so as to enable theheight tobe regulated at will; L 1: i The whole making it possible in,fact, and assuming that the initial inountingof t'he spin'dleof theblank has been suitably carried out, to give to the said blank, and thisin a reliable-manner and with the mostabsolute precision, the variousangular movements required for transforming it as necessary.

Such a construction of each blank thatit comprises a mechanical portionwhich, as will be assumed inthe following descriptiomcan be constitutedsimply, in the case l mo re specially considered, by one of the flatfaces of its Wedges d and d Concurrently, such a constructiontof thedevice itself that the upper face'jof'its arm 0 comprises also amachined portionc and concurrently again, such a construction of a kindof'angle part 7' that, as soon as the -positionof the pins h on thedisc-e has been adjusted, and one of the ipins (the onerequired) causedto project inthe hole. It? and as soon moreover as the spindle d of ablank has been introduc'edinto the chuck of the said disc -e, itshouldbevpossible to give to the said blank, before locking it bymean's'of the said chuck, the position in which it is to be secured bythe same chuck to the disc 6 in order that the said initial mountingshould be the required one. i And the addition to the device, of meanssuitable, some of them to limit atwill the movements that can beimparted tothe arm c, and theothers, to lock itin a certain position,moreparticularlythat in which it is horizontal. which means could benamely constituted The first ones by-a cylindricz'il guide or slot 5having for its axis the spindle I), provided on the lower portion of theframe I), and by a section of spindle It, adapted to be placed in'such aposition as may-bodesired along the said slot and to form then a stopitself adapted to limit the movement of the arm 0 in thedownward'direction-;

And the second means, byja latch, or looking bolt Z mounted so thatits'ax'is is hori zontal, on the frame 5, and by a hole 0 provided inthe arm 0 in such a manner that it can receive the said locking bolt Z,and that the said arm is-then horizontal, that is to say in the desiredposition in'order that the axis of its bearings-c should-be in. thehorizontal plane formed by theaxes a" and a.

Assuming-theta device and blanks have been constructed "exactly. as; ustdescribed, and moreover and as shown in the drawings, in such a mannerthat'one ofthe faces of one of the wedges, and the non-correspondingface of the'other, are'inone and the same plane. (which-corresponds tothe case of cams. for obtaining =the= beginning of .admission at thevery end of exhaust) and that it is desired to manufacture with their.'assistance a seriesof templates:of-the.kind-described, it issufficient to proceed in the followingzmanner-zzi-x r 5 First of all,:toregulate orto adjust in such a manner I the respective :angulanpositions of two of the three quadrantsfforzinstance ofrthose marked-byLand 2 atvthe-same .tim as by f, that uadrant 1 has been brought intothe hole h see Figure 1), andthe spindle d of a blank adjusted inpositioniby'niealnsiof the angle part j (see Figure 6), and then securedby means of the chuck in the said position which corresponds to thegrinding of the cam AB of one of the master cams to be obtained.

It should be possible, in order to give the said blank the exact desiredposition for the grniding of the cam AB of the same master cam, tocontent oneself to bring the pin h of the quadrant 2 to engage in itsturn with the hole h (see Figure 7) To proceed inj'the same way for theregulation of the angular position of the uadrant 3 which-owing to thefact mentioned a moment ago that two of the faces of the wedges cl and dare in one and the same planecan be used concurrently with the quadrant1 without having to alter the initial adjustment of the latter, in orderto make the two cams of the second master cam.

To regulate then the height of the operative portion 2' of the fingers'i in such a manner that, for the purpose of making the low portion ofthe master cams, it should be possible as soon as the arm 0 is locked inits horizontal position, simply:

As regards the first cam, to place the pin h of the guadrant 3 ininoperative position, and to turn the disc e in such a manner as tobring first the pin h of the quadrant against the bottom of theoperative portion 11 of the lower finger i (see Figure 8), and then thepin h of the quadrant 2 against the top of the operative portion i ofthe upper finger i (Figure 2),

And as regards the second cam, to place the pin it of the quadrant 2 ininoperative position, and to turn the disc 6 in such a manner as tobring to bear first the pm It of the quadrant 3 against the bottom ofthe operative portion 1: of the lower finger i, and-then the pin it ofthe quadrant 1 against the top oi'the operatix e portion 2' of theupbesides-from the preceding, that the vinven- 1 tionqis -by :nomeanslimited to-athat of'the .meth'odsnof its application, -or -tothosemofthe-methods. of construction ot its "various parts, which have-been:more' particularly specified, :but;comprisesi on the contrary anymodifications, namely-2 thosec inn whichait would be applied for directoltainment of cams or other articles; those in which it would be carriedout as previously, but by proceeding in such a manner that the bearingsc instead of forming an inte ral portion of the arm a, would be providedon a part distinct from the said arm, and secured to the latter in sucha manner that it should be adjustable relatively to it, moreparticularly so as to enable the distance between the axis of and theaxis 0", that is to say, thel length of the armc to be modified at wilThose in which, in order to constitute the grinding machine with whichthe device is to be combined for its utilization, would be used agrinding machine of the kind of those, the grinding disc of which isexposed to the action of a means tending to keep it in a certain maximumadvance position and enabling it to move back when it is forced to do soby the part to be ground by it;

And those in which the device would be completed by means adapted torender automatic certain, at least, of the movements to be imparted toits elements for utilizing it.

Claims:

1. Apparatus for making articles which are partially convexo circular inshape comprising a pivoted arm, means on said arm for holding thearticle of work, a suitably divided plate connected to the article andprovided with projecting pins, and means on said arm to cooperate withsaid pins whereby the article of work may be nonrotatably fixed in apredetermined position with respect to said arm or the article may berotated through a predetermined angle during machining, such angle beingpie 5 an arm pivotally mounted on said; frame,

means operable/to rotate saidiarin, a rotatable shaft mountedonsa idarmtowardthe free end thereof, a disc-associated withsaid rotatable shaftand-means. for, lockinglsaid disc to prevent an iilardisplacementthereof relativelyito said arm.

3.- Anfapparafi ls; o fethe class, described comprisingin. combination,1 a fixed; frame, an arm prvotallymounbed onsaid time,

means operable to rotate said: -arm, a rotat able shaft mounted mr saidiarm 1 toward: the

' free. extremity thereof, a disc. connectedu to said rpt-alial le'shaft, means. foriloekingsajd disebo prevent ang ilaridisplacementvghereof relatively to.. said.;arm, amhfxieansfonilocking?said;."arm foaprei entrangular displacemet-1h thereofiirelativelyllbq.said fixed 1 frame. I 4;=-Aniap ia comprising urcombination a fixedframe,

an apn-piwctally. mounteda onasaidsii'ame,

means operable r to osqillat e saidl arr 11," a' noratiisof-z the.class-described my hand-itatable. disc; mountedv-toward the free ex.-tremitly Of? said 1 arm, locking. means operable toipre'ven't angular;displacement of saidadisc relatively. to. said arm, said: locking; meansbeing..mo1inted. in. adjustable; angular. rela tion tovsaiddi sc,and=means forrigidly connecting. saidlockinglmeans. to thedisc inpredetermined adjusted angular relations'hip.

'5.'An apparatus, of: the; class, described comprising iii-combination.a fi;ed: fragile; an armlpiyptally mounted on said aframe, .meansoperable tucsc'illate saidr. arm, a disc-vr o-tatr ably..m'oun'tedtoward thei free extremity of said) am,- locking. 'means; operable to;preflent. angulan displacement of said i discrelatively to said arm,meansfon. rigidlycoxr necting; said: locking means.- to. the disc... in

to. the. fixed frame.

In: testimony whereofrl 'liave..l1ereunto}set predetermined; adjusted:angular. r el1bi.011,- and "meanslo for; locking said. arm to.- preventoscillation. thereofi relatively.

